Electric motok and governing mechanism thebefob



H. K. SANDELL.

ELECTRIC MOTOR AND GOVERNING MECHANISM THEREFOR.

'APPLICATION HLED JULY 14. EQH- I Patented July 1, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHED I.

H. K. SANDELL.

ELECTRIC MOTOR AND GOVERNING MECHANISM THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FVLED 'JULY I4 1917.

a sHEETHsHEEr 2 Patented July 1 Ill? H. K SANDELL. ELECTRIC NOTOR AND GOVERNING MECHANISM THEREFOR 1 APPLICATION F!LED JULY I4. 1937- Putented Julvl IHq n v. L.-

3 SHEETS-$HELF ill UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY K. SANDELL, OF CHICAOO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T HERBERT S. MILLS, OF

CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS.

ELECTRIC MOTOR AND GOVERNING MECHANISM THEREFOR.

Application filed July 14,

To (155 whom tmoy concern:

lie it known that I, HENRY K. Saismum, titizen of the United States, residingat hici-igo, in the county of Cook and Stale of girovement in Electric Motors and om 1 11M lug lvlechanism Theretor, of which thelollowing; is a specification.

My inventionrelates to improvements in electric motors and governing mechanism therefor. It is my specific object to provide atype of motor and governor especially designed for use in phonographs and the like mechanisms in which a low speed motor having very accurate regulation is desired.

The invention will be fully understood from the followingdetailed description of a specific embodiment thereof, taken in con nection with the accpmpauying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a bottom plan view of the arinatureor rotor or" my motor, the same be in here illustrated as applied to the table ot a. phonographinalting use of disk records; Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my motor with the rotor or armature removed, the motor here illustrated being designed for actuation by direct current; Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the magnets of the motor shown in Fig. 2 and illustrating the commutator in plan view; Fig. 4 .is a section through thesupporting casing of the motor illustrating the govcrnorin side elevation F and e are connected to constitute together a wiring diagram of the motor) Fig. 5 is an end view ot the governor mechanism shown in Fig. at; Fig. 6 is an enlarged section through the contact screw ot' the governor taken on theline (3 of Fig. 5; Fig. '2'

Specification of Letters Patent.

ilinois, have invented a new and useful u- Patented July 1, 1919.

1917. Sena1No.180,586.

therefrom, as shown in Fig. 8, is a laminated ring 12 formed of magnetic metaland preferably of the configuration shown in Fig. 1, that is, comprisinga plurality of I the ring 14, while the brush 17 bears upon the toothed or castellated upper edge of the ring. In this manner the electrical circuit between the two brushesis continuously interrupted and reformed at regularly timed intervals.

The actuating magnet of the motor is.

designated 18 and is mounted upon one arm of a spider 19 which serves as the frame of the motor and'which is mounted in a suitable case, in the present instance in the case or cabinet of the phonograph. The magnet 18 is of U-shapc. the core being; of laminated steel and each leg being provided with a spool winding. The pole pieces 20 are supported in a horizontal planeto straddle the ari'i'iature ring 12. the distance between the pole pieces slightly exceeding" the greatest width of the ring sections as illustrated in Fig. 8.

The governor mechanism which is illustrated in detail, in Figs. l. 5 and (L is supported by'a plate 21 which is in turn mount- Jeriug sections joined by relatively thin is a vertical sectional view through the commutator, taken on the line 7 of Fig. 3; Fig. "ed in any suitable "fashion in the cabinet (it 8 is a sectional elevation on the line 7-S, of the machine and comprises essentially an Fig. 3, and Fig. 9 is a. composite viewsimilar operating magnet and a vibrating" leaf to Figs. 8 and t and illustrating the modifilit The laminated polepicce'ol' the magnet cations in constructioi'i adapted for the use is secured to the plate 21 (which is preterof alternating currents.

Referring more particularly to the drawinns, the numeral 10 designates the rotor shaft- Which, in the present instance, constitutes the table shaft of the phonograph, this table shaft bearing a disk or table 11 which is secured against rotation thereon ny suitable means,one manner of mount hein illustrated in Fig. 8. Secured to lower face of the tablell and spaced ably ofmagnetiometal) at one end. the vibrating leaf 23 -(which is also preferably of magnetic metal) is supported .at the top,

from the same plate and intermediate its length has secured thereto a heavier section 21lwhich constitutes the armature "tor the magnet 22. The outer end o't'ithe armature section 24' of the vibratory leai is slotted as shown at 25 in Fig. 5 and in the slot there is secured a Contact spring 26 the tree upper end of which normally engages the tip 27 of an adjustable contact screw 28, this tip being itself supported by a small helical spring 29 which forms. an extension of the. contactscrew. The contact spring 26 has a permanent set which tends to throw its free. end to-the right, as viewed in Fig. (l. and into engagement with the spring-held 'end of the contact screw. The movement of the springcontact 26 in this direction is (when not arrested by the contact screw itself) limited by a stop 30 bridging the slot and secured to the vibratm'y armaturesection 3 The period of'a'ibratiim of the leaf made up of the upper section 23 and the armature.

- section 2% is regulated by weighting the free end of the armature 24, as shown at. 31 in the drawings as an initial adjustment, and by the provision of a rotatal'ile cylinder carrying a hcli 'al [in 33 which contacts with the vibratory leaf'adjacent its fixed end as shown in Fig. 4. An adjustment knob 31% secured to the shaftwhich bears the cylinder 32 provides a convenient means for mixing the angular position of the cylinder and of the fin thereon and by thus varying the effective length of the vibratory leaf, proportionately altering its periodic time.

The apparatus described above, is connected as shown in Figs. 3 and l. The connections comprise direct current service lines designated and 36, respectively, the former of which is directly connected to the plate 21 as shown at 37, and thereby with the contact spring 26. The service line 26 leads tothe brush 16, while from the opposite brush 17 the current flow in branch circuits 3S and 39, through the magnet 18 and to the contact screw 28 and through the magnet and to the plate 21 to which it is grounded, respectively.

The operation of the motor is as follows:

Assuming that the service lines 35, 36, are energized and that the connnutator ring ll is in a position to close the circuit be-' tween the brushes l6 and 17, current will flow through the motor magnet 18, through the insulated contact screw 28 and thence through the spring'contact 26 and vibratory leaf to the other line wire Simultaneously, the current will also energize the governor magnet. 22. The angular relation of the armature or rotor ring 12 to the commutator ring 14 is such thatwhen the circuit first closed through the latter, the

tapering portions 'ofone of the sections'of the rotor 12 will lie between the pole pieces 20 of the motor n'iagnet. By reason of the tractive force exerted by the magnet upon the rotor section, the latter will be drawn in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in. Fig. 1, the width of the commutator teeth on the ring 14 being sufficient to permit the rotor to move until the base or large end of each section of the ring 12 lies between the poles 20 before the commutator circuit is opened. Through the momentum gained by this initial movement the rotor or armature will continue to move. during the period in which the commutator circuit and hence the circuit. of the motor magnet I8 is interrupted by one of the insulating sections, and during this period the base end of the section which lies between the pole pieces-will move out of the same and the tapering end of the next adjacent. section will move between the pole pieces. The circuit through the motor magnet 1h will now be reestablished by the commutator and a further impulse of like duration will be imparted to the rotor or armature. it will be noted from the above that the proper design of the parts requires the teeth of the commutator ring 14 to be equal in number to the sections of the rotor 12 and to have a proper angular relation thereto.

In the operation as so far described, it has been assumed that the giergizing circuit for the motor magnets ISwas interrupted spring 26 recedes from the point of the contact screw 28. Since the governor magnet.

which attracts the armature section 24- of the vibratory leaf 23 is in series only with the commutator 14-, this magnet will be unfailingly energized synchronously with the movement of the commutator. As

was before stated the contact spring 26 is normally in engagement with the end of the contact screw 28 and the force of attraction exerted upon the vibratory leaf through its armature end 524; will, therefore serve to initially increase the contact pressure between theparts 26 and 27, maintaining the circuit through these parts closed. Upon the opening of the commutator circuit, however, the magnet becomes deenergiied and by the resiliency of the leaf 23 as well as the slight force exerted by the parts 26, 27, the leaf will swing away from the contact screw 28, and, the amplitude of the motion being sullicient,

contact will be broken between theparts 26, 27, the limit stop 30 for the contact spring 26 permitting this separation. The interval of time during which the vibratory leaf 23 will remain in its outer positionthus opening the circuit at the points up to the predetermined one side 'a very low a circuit is closed hy the helical iii) 33. i ,7

speed of the rotor 12. ll heu the rotor first begins to move, that is when its speed is below the predetermined speed of operation,

the vibratory leaf 23 will complete its outward swing and will return and remain in contact with the contact screw before the commutator has moved through the angular distance oi? one of the insulating seg ments thereon. Promptly upon the completion of the required movement oil the coin- Inutator the motor magnet 18 will therefore he energized and willrcinain energized until the circuit is again interrupted by the coinmutator. The rotor will therefore receive a full impulse, the powciifloi which will he sufiicient to accelerate it and luring itquickly iiurther acceleration tends to increase the rotor speed beyond this limit the u final interval of time between successive impulses proportionately decreases until at a critical value ,of this time interval the con'inu aitor has reestablished the circuit hetweenthefi brushes 16 17, before the vibratory leai 23 has completed its outward and iiiward swing. As a consequence elf this situation, the circuitis held open liietweeii the points 2G, 27 during apart of the time in which the rotor 12 should have received an inn pulse; in effect, therefore, the actuat ing force is reduced 2; l the rotor tends to drop to the normal seeed, lit will readily lee lllitlel'filfliXl that the rcgul at- L ing efiect exerted by the vibratory leaf 23 I is directly proportional to the variatiom from normal speed'of: the rotor Outage eed of the rotor I Ill maintain the points zeni conacl;

through the whole of the period in. which the circuit is ClQSGt h the connnutator l4.- and the maximum tractive effort will be exerted upon the rotor.. {hi the othcrsidc, a sufficiently high speed oil} the rotor 12 will cause the contact points 26 2? to remain open during, the entire pGllUtl in. which the reunutator and no tractive effort whatever willhe exerted upon the rotor.

In practice the regulation obtainable through the governing' device described is exceedingly vaccurate. The variation in speed between the motor, for 't-nuunple, a. phonograph motor running die and the same motor running under tie inaxinuini load provided by the largest. record and with the needle in engagement with the same at the greatest possible distance from the center is negligible. F1u'therniore this predetermined speed is simply and aiicurately controlled through the iuljustnient of the effective length] and hence of the natural periodic time or the leaf 23 by means of the 111 Fig. 9 I have illustrated anioditicationof my motor and governor particularly designed for use with alternating currents The construction here illustrated is identical with that heretofore described save in the following particulars:

The contact screw here designated '28 mounted upon the opposite side of the viliratinc leaf 2?; and the contact spring" and designated 18 will be referred to as the regulating,magnet.

The electrical connections for the alter hating current device illustrated in S are as follows ()ne of the service linen 50 is led directly to the a line '51 leads to the regulating magnet- 18* and through the latter to the contac" screw 28.- The other service line 52 is connected on one side to the frame which supports theleaf and on the other side to the ,Janininir magnet 18 and through the latter Qu lt l1 the brush 17. A second lead 53 attached to the v hrush 17 connected with the governor iuagrnet 22 being grounded through the latterto its frame as in the preceding instance. 1

It. will he observed that by connecting the energizing and deiinergizing of the running; 3-.

magnet 18 is therefore solely dependentiug effect is obtained through the niagri'iet 18". This magnet must therefore oper ate to retard the rotor 12 when the latter r tends to exceed its predetermined speed and accelerate the rotor when the latter drops lmlowits predeterz'mucd speed. This effect is obtained by the governing device illustrated in the following manner: v

Assuming that the rotorlti is moving at. :r speed lower than its predetermined speed and that the rotor has reached the position with reference to the uuiguct 18 which is illustrated in Fig. 9, the circuit through this magnet. will now he iiuicrrupted h the comuuitator.v Simultaneously the circuit through the governor luagn'iet which has during the preceding interval been energized and therefore attracting the leaf and opening the circuit between the points 28 and 26', will be '(leiiuergized and through itsrcsilieney the leaf 23 will swing to the left as viewed in Fig. El, thus bringing: the points 26', 28', into engagement and closbrush 16 and from this'same hrueir upon the cou'uuutator and the entire regulat i ing the circuit through the regulating magnet 18. As-is shown in the figure, this latter magnet is spaced from the running magnet by an annular distance equal to about 1:1- times the length of one of the sections of the rotor 12. At the moment when the circuit is interrupted by the commutator, this regulating magnet. is therefore in such position with reference to the rotor as to exert a pull upon the rotor tending to accelerate its speed in the direction in which it is operating. Through the closing of the circuit at the points 28, 26, as above described. the regulating magnet is therefore energized to accelerate the rotor. The period during which such accelerating effect is exercised is. dependent upon the periodic time of the leaf being that time which is required for this leaf to complete its swing from an approximately central point, as illustrated on the drawing, to the extreme left and back to the same point. The contact screw 28 should be so adjusted as to make contact with the spring 26 with the initial. daft-hand swing of the latter from its! central position shown. This contact is, of course, maintained through the yielding of the spring during the furthenout-,

ward vibration of the leaf 23. At any' speed of the rotor 12 less than the predetermined speed t-hereof, the regulating magnet 18 will be energized during that period required for the rotor sect-ion to move from the position in which it is shown in Fig. 9, until its base lies between the pole pieces of the magnet. At this latter time the leaf 23 will have completed its left-hand swing and will have again opened the circuit at the points 28, 26.

If it be assumed, however, that the rotor is traveling at a speed'in excess of the predetermined speed, then the time interval required for the passage of the rotor section between the poles of the regulating magnet 18' will be less than the time required by the leaf 23 for the completion of its lefthand swing. As a result the circuit will not be opened between the points 28, 26, when the base of the rotor section reaches the pole pieces but will remain closed for some further period during which time the base or larger end of. the rotor section is receding from the pole pieces During this last period of time the energized regulating manet 18 will be exercising a counter-cloc wise pull upon the rotor, that is, tendingto retard the same.

From the foregoing it will be seen that accordingly as the rotor travels at a speed a reverse direction. It will further seen that the regulation here affo ded 15 likewise a function of the periodic time of the I -difference whatever in the operation. The mechanism illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8, however, is somewhat simpler and is found to be entirely satisfactory for use with direct currents. The construction of Fig. 9, while somewhat more complicated, is of universal application, taking either direct current or alternating current of any usual frequency.

Both the motor and the governing device above described is of particular service as a driving means for thetable of the phonograph by reason of the fact that it readily lends itself to the driving of the table of the latter directly and without the interposition of any gearing. The noise and vibration which almost inevitably accompanies the use of reduction gearing is thereby eliminated. The motor and governing device illustrated is entirely noiseless in operation, the details of the governor in particular having been specifically designed with this end in view.

While I have described in considerable detail a specific embodiment of my invention,

it is to be understood that this is illustrative only and for the purpose of making the iiivention more clear and that I do not regard the invention as limited to the. details shown or described, except in so far as such limitations are included within the terms of the accompanying claims, in which it is my iiitent-ion to claim all novelty inherent in my invention as broadly as is permissible in view of the prior art.

W'hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A motor comprising a plurality of magnetic metal sections arranged in a circle to constitute arotatable armature, an electromagnet arranged in operative relation to the said armature, a current-interrupting device in series with the said electromagnet and I synchronously driven from the said armature and a second circuit-interrupting device in series with said first device comprising, a contact member having a reciprocatory movement of determined periodicity.

2. A motor comprising a plurality of sections of magnetic metal. arranged in the form of a circulararmature, an electromagnet in ,operative relation to the said armature, a current-intcrrupting device operat ing synchronously with the said armature and in series with the said electromagnet for ioo ' controlling the same, a second electromagnet terrupter.

3. A motor comprising a plurality of magnetic metal sections arranged in a circle to constitute a rotatable armature, an electro magnet arranged in operative relation to the said ari'nature, a current-interrupting device in series with the said electromagnet and synchronously driven from the said armature, a second circuit-interrnpting device-in series with said first device and comprising a vibratory elen'ient and contact mechanism held closed by said vibratory element during a part of its motion and open during a part of its motion, and means operating synchronously with said armature for vibrating said vibratory element.

4. A motor comprising a plurality of magnetic metal sections ar *anged in a circle to,

constitute a rotatable armature, an electromagnet arranged in operative relation to the said armature, a current-interrupting device in series with the said electromagnet and synchronously driven from the said armature, a second circuit-interrupting device in series with said first device and 001m prising a vibratory element and contact mechanism held closed by said vibratory element during a part oi: its motion and open during a part of its motion, and elec tromagnetic means in series with said firstnamcd circuit interrupter causing vibration of said vibratory element.

5; In combination with a motor comprising a plurality of magnetic sections arranged in a circle'to constitute a rotatable armature, an electromagnet in operative relation therewith and a current interriqating device rotatable synchronously with said armature and in. series with said electromagnet, a second current interrupting dc vice in series with the first comprising a. viliiratory element, contact mechanism engaged thereby duringpart of its moven'lent and means for effecting its vibration and a rotatable member having a helical tin enele'ment during ay gaging with said vibratory member and detern'iining the effective length thereof.

6. A motor comprising a plurality of magnetic sections arranged in a circle to constitute a rotatable armature, an electromagnetarrangml in operative relation to the said armature. a current-interrupting device in series with said electroinagnet and synchronously driven from the said armature, a second clectromagnet in operative relation to said the ariuature, and current-interrupting meansin series with said second electromagnet comprisingla contact member having a rcciprocatory movement of deter mined periodicity.

"7. A motor comprising a plurality of magnetic metal sections arranged in a circle to constitute a rotatable armature an electromagnet arranged in operative relation to the said arn'iaturo, 'a-.ciirrcnt-intel'rupting device in-serieswith the said elcctroinagnet and synchronously driven from the said armature, a second current-interrupting device comprising an electromagnet in series with said first interrupting device and in operative relation to the vibratory element,

an additional electromagnet in operative re'-" lation to said armatu e, and contact mechanism in series with said additional electromagnet and held open by said vibratory part of its motion and closed during a part of its motion.

8. A motor comprising a disk-shaped tablehaving a plurality of magnetic metal sections arranged in a circle on its lower face to constitute a rotatable ari'nature, an electromagnet arranged in operative relation to the said armature, a current-interrupting device in series with the said electromagnet and ynchronously driven from the shaft of the said table, a second electromagnet in series with said currentinterrupt ing device, a vibratory leaf in operative relation to said second electromagnet, contact mechanism operable by movement of said leaf and held in closed position durin a part of the motion of the leaf and in open position during a part of the motion of the leaf, means for varying the periodic time of the said leaf, and an. additional electromagnet mounted in operative relation to the said armature and in series with the said contact mechanism.

HENRY K. SAND'ELL, 

